Fractures are breaks or cracks in bones caused by trauma, stress, or underlying conditions that weaken the bone. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the affected area. Fractures can range from minor hairline cracks to complete breaks and may be classified as simple (closed) or compound (open). Treatment often involves immobilization with casts or splints, pain management, and in some cases, surgical intervention and fixation with nails or plates to realign and stabilize the bone.